1. Silapathikaram In Tamil Language

Silapathikaram In Tamil Language

From the citation for the A.K. Ramanujan Book Prize for Translation for 1996 awarded by the Association for Asian Studies:

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' The judges felt that this work merited the prize for a number of reasons, including the importance and beauty of the original work—an epic rich in literary, religious, and historical power and meaning; the care and accuracy of the scholarship imbedded in the translation; and the grace and inviting flow of the English translation. Always sound and intelligent, the translation often rises to the level of true poetry; it manages to convey the tone of an ancient and courtly work without losing the immediacy of the rhythms of contemporary English. Its meticulous correlation with the original text, line by line, makes it useful even for readers who know some Tamil, while its elegance makes it a pleasure to read aloud. It makes one of the great classics of Indian literature truly accessible in English.
We are in the unusual position of actually knowing Ramanujan’s own evaluation of this book. He described it as, 'a fine, luminous translation of an Indian classic. It’s a poet’s translation. Parthasarathy’s poetic skills are everywhere in evidence, yet guided by his sensitive scholarship and fidelity.' While we can not know Ramanujan’s opinions on the other excellent entries submitted for this prize, now or in the future, we do hope that he might have concurred with our choice for this first award of the prize in his name.'

Book: Silappadikaaram (The Tale of the Three cities)

Lakshmi Holmstrom's Kannagi: A Feminist Perspective. The epic was originally written in Tamil and now has been translated into. Silappadikaram, a Tamil epic, into English. The story of Kovalan and Kannagi is. Silapathikaram Story Tamil Pdf Download seite klaus einladungsgedichte onenote pcueber. November 29, 2017 11:07 PM. Silapathikaram Story Tamil Pdf.

English translation by Dr. P. Desikan

Published by MARGAbandhu Publishers - 2007

Review by M.K.V.Narayan

Most of us know about the Sanskrit epics of IndiaRamayana and Mahabharata. There are two Tamil works of equal importance Silappadikaaram and Manimegalai that are lesser known. These are two out of five old Tamil classics given the Tamil title Perum Kappiyangal, meaning epics. While Ramayana and Mahabharata are dated at least as long ago as mid first millennium BC, if not earlier, Silappadikaaram and Manimegalai are dated 3rd to 5th century AD. Dr. Desikan justifies by proper reasoning that the two Tamil compositions qualify to be called Tamil epics similar to Ramayana and Mahabharata and the European epics of Homer's Iliad and Ulysses. Dr. Desikan has presented this clear and pristine translation to read and enjoy the beauty of Silappadikaaram to all those who cannot read and understand Tamil, particularly the classical Tamil of the 5th century AD. I say it is pristine because he has not diluted the content with extraneous ideas in his English idiom. He has kept his own comments and background history as addenda at the end that help us to correlate the epic to our known sociological setting. Dr. Desikan's introduction with a title “A tale of the Three Cities retold' gives us a sweeping glimpse of the full story indicating what to look for in the three settings at Puhar, Madurai and Vanji cities.

The story of Silappadikaaram is simple. The heroine of the story Kannagi, the virtuous wife of Kovalan a rich merchant of Poompuhar suffers two personal misfortunes in her life. The first misfortune she pardons gracefully but to the second one she reacts forcefully and takes revenge on the offender. It is remarkable that for both these actions, her chastity (Pativrata Dharma) is the motivator. After getting married with all the pomp and glamour to her Kovalan, she soon loses him to an artful dancing courtesan. Kovalan is infatuated by Madhavi who is well versed in classical music and dance, not knowing that as a crafty courtesan she cares for his wealth rather than his love and lute-playing prowess. Kovalan loses his wealth and returns to his wife Kannagi as a prodigal husband. As a virtuous wife (Pativrata), Kannagi accepts him and offers her only remaining jewellery, a pair of anklets (Silambu) to be sold and the proceeds used for establishing new business. The couple leave to another city, Madurai the capital of Pandiyan king, escorted by a Jain nun. At Madurai,Kovalan falls into a trap of a goldsmith who had stolen the queen's gold anklet. The goldsmith incriminates Kovalan as the thief and gives away to the king. The king orders execution of Kovalan in a hasty judgement that is quickly carried out. Kannagi is shocked and enraged immensely at the injustice meted out to her beloved husband. She rushes to Pandiyan's court, accuses the king of injustice, and proves her case by breaking the silambu that was recovered from her husband. The anklet of the queen was filled with pearls and Kannagi's anklet was filled with rubies. The shock of remorse kills the king and the queen on the spot. Kannagi's rage turns to the city of Madurai and she burns it down by her spiritual powers of a chaste wife.

The story actually ends with this tale of two cities. The third city Vanji of Chera dynasty on the west coast comes into the epic as an extension portraying the development of the story conveyed by bards to the Chera king into a poetic literature and the deification of Kannagi as Goddess of Chastity (Pattinidaivam). The Chera king builds a temple for Kannagi and his younger brother Ilango, a Jain monk, composes the poem. The story itself is built around two main beliefs, the uprightness of Tamil kings and the divine power of chastity of married women. The beauty of the original Tamil poetry and the scholarly translation by Dr. Desikan lies in the portrayal of the life style and traditions of Tamils 2000 years back and the high cultural level of Tamil civilisation that was further enriched by the amalgamation of incoming Sanskrit culture from the north. The mixture of Tamil and Sanskrit cultural practices appear in many places in the episodes. One such example is in the description of Kovalan-Kannagi wedding. Carrying of sprouted seeds (Paligai thelichal) by the women in the procession was an old Tamil custom. On the other hand, circumambulation of sacred fire (Saptapathi) was a Vedic custom. I will also give a couple of examples to show the beauty of poetic translation of Dr. Desikan.

The wealth of the three regions of royalty is portrayed in three places beautifully. The first region was Chola country (Chola vala nadu) in the east, famous for its rice cultivation in the Cauvery river basin. A proverb goes 'Chola vala nadu sorudaithu' meaning, 'the Chola fertile land is rich in food'. Dr.Desikan begins the epic with the following words in the first five verses of the wedding chapter:

'Praise be to the moon…

('Thingalai potrudum…')

'Praise be to the Sun…

(Gnayiru potrudum…)

Senthamizh paattu tamil mp3 songs free download. 'Praise be to the rain…

(Mamazhai potrudum…)

'Praise be to Poompuhar…'

(Poomuhar potrudum…)

Moon, Sun and Rain are all important for the delta cultivators and anglers of Chola region. Rain and Sunshine are godly for rice farming; Moon is godly to the seafarers who go fishing at night. Moon's causing high tide is necessary for their saltpans. This was Tamil thinai culture of Marudam and Neydal eco-regions. Vedic culture too worshiped nature first. It is a wonderful start.

The wealth of the second region of royalty of Pandiya country in south was pearl (the saying goes, “Pandiya nadu muthudaithu”). Pearl collection (Muthukkulithal) from the southern ocean was the ancient primary business activity of Tamils of this region. Pearls were collected, graded and sold worldwide for many centuries in distant past. In the crucial key episode of Silappadikaaram, when Kannagi broke her anklet to display gems instead of pearls the king got the shock of his lifetime. Pearls of Pandiyan betrayed him. Dr. Desikan’s translation of the key verse goes,

“‘Good it is that you told us, good woman’, said the king;

He reflected, “The queen’s anklet has a pearl as its paral”

And he said to his servants, ‘Bring that anklet here!’

When the jewel arrived, he himself placed in front

Of Kannagi who broke it open and out sprang a ruby

Hitting the Pandyan right on his surprised face!”

Lo! The Paral (filler) was not pearl of Pandyan pride but the Cholas' pride, the ruby of traders. Pearls had betrayed him or did good to reveal the injustice done. Beautiful presentation.

The wealth of the third region of Chera royalty in the west was of course 'elephants'. The saying goes, 'Chera nadu Vezhamudaithu'. When the Chera king Chenguttuvan returned from his campaign (Digvijayam) of the north and brought the Himalayan stone for sculpting Kannagi's idol, people greeted him with elephants in the forefront. Dr. Desikan writes,

'Hearing all nilappadals together, Kopperundevi lay awake;

Her white bangles slipped from her hand, even as she heard the conch with right handed spirals boom out triumphantly,

Wearing victorious Vaagai, Chenkuttuvan arrived riding his fast crown elephant under his umbrella and wearing lovely garlands;

Vanji welcomed him with a herd of elephants even as he entered the city'.

In short, Dr. P. Desikan's English translation copiously enhances the beauty of the original epic in its content and style. I recommend this excellent book to all who are interested in ancient culture of India from Himalayas to Cape Comorin.

Narayan M.K.V.

_____________________

Note:

The city of Puhar in the poem refers to the ancient city called Kaviri puhum pattinam meaning the city where the river Cauvery enters the sea. Later the name changed to Kavirippoompattinam and still later to Poompuhar or in short Puhar.